An internal combustion engine that runs in four separate phases—intake, compression, power, and exhaust—is known as a four-stroke engine. The following are the main parts of a four-stroke engine:
- The metal component that is cylindrical and rotates inside the cylinder is called the piston.
- The metal rod that joins the piston and crankshaft is called the connecting rod.
- The metal crankshaft is what changes the piston's linear motion into rotational motion.
- The crankshaft is attached to a heavy metal wheel called the flywheel, which aids in smoothing out rotation.
- The metal components known as valves open and close to let the mixture of fuel and air enter and exit the cylinder.
- The air-fuel mixture in the cylinder is ignited by the spark plug, an electrical device.
In a four-stroke engine, there are four phases:
- Intake: The air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder by a vacuum created when the intake valve opens and the piston descends.
- Compression: The air-fuel mixture in the cylinder is compressed when the intake valve closes and the piston rises.
- Power: When the air-fuel mixture ignites due to a spark plug fire, a high-pressure gas is created that pushes the piston down, turning the crankshaft and generating mechanical power.
- Exhaust: The burned gas is released from the cylinder by opening the exhaust valve and raising the piston.
The Development and History OF Four Stroke Engine :
A lot of experiments, inventions, and inventors have gone into the development of the four-stroke engine, which is an interesting topic. The internal combustion engine known as a four-stroke engine functions in four different phases: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. A four-stroke engine's primary parts are the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, flywheel, valves, and spark plug.
Read Also : Two Stroke Engine Components and Development History
The origins of the four-stroke engine can be found in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when a number of automotive industry pioneers attempted to develop a more dependable and efficient steam engine substitute. Among the most significant individuals in the four-stroke engine's development are:
- German engineer Nikolaus Otto created the first practical four-stroke engine in 1876 with assistance from Wilhelm Maybach, Eugen Langen, Gottlieb Daimler, and others. Otto's engine ran on gasoline and was spark-ignited. The Otto cycle or Otto engine are other names for Otto's engine.
- The four-stroke diesel engine, which uses compression ignition rather than spark ignition, was created in 1893 by German engineer Rudolf Diesel. The fuels used by Diesel's engine included petroleum, vegetable oil, and coal dust. The diesel engine is also referred to as the diesel engine or the diesel cycle.
- American industrialist Henry Ford popularized the four-stroke engine's use in mass-produced cars.
Over time, the four-stroke engine has experienced numerous advancements and changes, including the addition of the hybrid system, fuel injection, turbocharger, overhead valve, and catalytic converter. For motorized land transportation, including automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and trains, the four-stroke engine remains the most popular engine design1. The consumption of fossil fuels, pollution emissions, and competition from alternative technologies like electric motors, hydrogen fuel cells, and two-stroke engines present some difficulties for the four-stroke engine, though.
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